MIL-STD-810H: Comprehensive Guide to Testing Methods

What is the MIL-STD-810 Standard?

MIL-STD-810H is a U.S. military standard that defines testing methods to evaluate the environmental durability and performance of equipment. These tests simulate extreme conditions such as high and low temperatures, humidity, vibration, shock, sand, and dust. The standard, first introduced in 1962 by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), has evolved over time. Its latest version, MIL-STD-810H, was published in 2019, with a subsequent update, MIL-STD-810H-Change-1, released in 2022.

MIL-STD-810 Applications: Military and Beyond

Originally created for military applications, MIL-STD-810 ensures mission-critical equipment like vehicles and weapons systems can operate reliably in harsh conditions. Today, its adoption extends to various industries, including:

  • Electronics: Used for rugged devices like MIL-STD-810-certified laptops and tablets.
  • Automotive: Ensures vehicles can endure extreme environments and terrains.
  • Aerospace: Validates equipment for performance in high-altitude and variable atmospheric conditions.

This broad applicability makes MIL-STD-810 a critical benchmark for ensuring product durability, reliability, and resilience.

Understanding the MIL-STD-810H

For businesses and professionals seeking to understand MIL-STD-810H standards, militaryvehiclesdata.com provides a detailed overview of all testing methods on this page. This includes their purposes, applications, and key procedural differences. To access the full details and technical guidelines, download the MIL-STD-810H PDF for free.

METHOD 500.6-LOW PRESSURE (ALTITUDE)

Purpose

Low pressure (altitude) tests are using to determine if materiel can withstand and/or operate in a low pressure environment and/or withstand rapid pressure changes

Application

  • stored and/or operated materiel at high ground elevation sites.
  • Transported or operated materiel in pressurized or unpressurized areas of aircraft.
  • Exposed materiel to a rapid or explosive decompression and, if so, to determine if its failure will damage the aircraft or present a hazard to personnel.
  • Carried materiel externally on aircraft.

Difference among procedures

  • Procedure I – Storage/Air Transport: Procedure I is appropriate if the materiel is to be transported or stored at high ground elevations or transported by air in its shipping/storage configuration.
  • Procedure II – Operation/Air Carriage: Use Procedure II to determine the performance of the materiel under low pressure conditions.
  • Procedure III – Rapid Decompression: Use Procedure III to determine if a rapid decrease in pressure of the surrounding environment will cause a materiel reaction that would endanger nearby personnel or the platform (ground vehicle or aircraft) in which it is being transported.

METHOD 501.7-HIGH TEMPERATURE

Purpose

Use high temperature tests to obtain data to help evaluate effects of high temperature conditions on materiel safety, integrity, and performance.

Application

Use this method to evaluate materiel likely to be deployed in areas where temperatures (ambient or induced) are higher than standard ambient.

Difference among procedures

  • Procedure I – Storage: Use Procedure I to investigate how high temperatures during storage affect the materiel (integrity of materials, and safety/performance of the materiel).
  • Procedure II – Operation: Use Procedure II to investigate how high ambient temperatures may affect materiel performance while it is operating.
  • Procedure III – Tactical-Standby to Operational: This procedure evaluates the materiel’s performance at the operating temperatures after being presoaked at non-operational temperatures.

METHOD 502.7-LOW TEMPERATURE

Purpose

Use low temperature tests to obtain data to help evaluate effects of low temperature conditions on materiel safety, integrity, and performance during storage, operation, and manipulation.

Application

Use this Method to evaluate materiel likely to be exposed to a low temperature environment during its life cycle.

Difference among procedures

  • Procedure I – Storage: Use Procedure I to investigate how low temperatures during storage affect materiel safety during and after storage, and performance after storage.
  • Procedure II – Operation: Use Procedure II to investigate how well the materiel operates in low temperature environments.
  • Procedure III – Manipulation: Use Procedure III to investigate the ease with which the materiel can be set up or assembled, operated, and disassembled by personnel wearing heavy, cold-weather clothing.

METHOD 503.7-TEMPERATURE SHOCK

Purpose

Use the temperature shock test to determine if materiel can withstand sudden changes in the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere without experiencing physical damage or deterioration in performance. “Sudden changes” is defined as “an air temperature change greater than 10°C (18°F) within one minute”.

Application

Use this Method when the requirements documents specify the materiel is likely to be deployed where it may experience sudden changes of air temperature. This Method is intended to evaluate the effects of sudden temperature changes of the outer surfaces of materiel, items mounted on the outer surfaces, or internal items situated near the external surfaces.

Difference among procedures

  • Procedure I-A: One-way Shock(s) from Constant Extreme Temperature.
  • Procedure I-B: Single Cycle Shock from Constant Extreme Temperature.
  • Procedure I-C: Multi-Cycle Shocks from Constant Extreme Temperature.
  • Procedure I-D: Shocks To or From Controlled Ambient Temperature.

METHOD 504.3-CONTAMINATION BY FLUIDS

Purpose

Use contamination by fluids tests to determine if materiel (or material samples) is affected by temporary exposure to contaminating fluids (liquids) such as may be encountered and applied during its life cycle.

Application

The procedure described in this Method is used when there is a high probability of fluid contamination during the life cycle of the materiel.

WARNING: THIS METHOD REQUIRES THE USE OF SUBSTANCES AND/OR TEST PROCEDURES THAT MAY HAVE AN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OR BE INJURIOUS TO HEALTH. PLEASE READ CAREFULLY THE ORIGINAL DOCUMENT.

METHOD 505.7-SOLAR RADIATION (SUNSHINE)

Purpose

This method has two purposes:

a. To determine the heating effects of solar radiation on materiel.

b. To help identify the actinic (photo degradation) effects of exposure to solar radiation.

Application

Use this method to evaluate materiel likely to be exposed to solar radiation during its life cycle in the open in hot climates, and when heating or actinic effects are of concern.

Difference among procedures

  • Procedure I – Cycling: Use Procedure I to investigate response temperatures when materiel is exposed in the open in realistically hot climates, and is expected to perform without degradation during and after exposure.
  • Procedure II – Steady State: Use Procedure II to investigate the effects on materiel of long periods of exposure to sunshine.

METHOD 506.6-RAIN

Purpose

The purpose of this Method is to help determine the following with respect to rain, water spray, or dripping water:

a. The effectiveness of protective covers, cases, and seals in preventing the penetration of water into the materiel.

b. The capability of the materiel to satisfy its performance requirements during and after exposure to water.

c. Any physical deterioration of the materiel caused by the rain.

d. The effectiveness of any water removal system.

e. The effectiveness of protection offered to a packaged materiel.

Application

Use this Method to evaluate materiel likely to be exposed to rain, water spray, or dripping water during storage, transit, or operation.

Difference among procedures

  • Procedure I – Rain and Blowing Rain: Procedure I is applicable for materiel that will be deployed out-of-doors and that will be unprotected from rain or blowing rain.
  • Procedure II – Exaggerated: Consider Procedure II when large (shelter-size) materiel is to be tested and a blowing-rain facility is not available or practical.
  • Procedure III – Drip: Procedure III is appropriate when materiel is normally protected from rain but may be exposed to falling water from condensation or leakage from upper surfaces.

METHOD 507.6-HUMIDITY

Purpose

The purpose of this Method is to determine the resistance of materiel to the effects of a warm, humid atmosphere.

Application

This Method applies to materiel that is likely to be stored or deployed in a warm, humid environment, an environment in which high levels of humidity occur, or to provide an indication of potential problems associated with humidity.

Difference among procedures

  • Procedure I – Induced (Storage and Transit) and Natural Cycles: Once a cycle is selected, perform the storage and transit portion first, followed by the corresponding natural environment portion of the cycle.
  • Procedure II – Aggravated: Procedure II exposes the test item to more extreme temperature and humidity levels than those found in nature (without contributing degrading elements), but for shorter durations.

METHOD 508.8-FUNGUS

Purpose

The purpose of this fungus test is to assess the susceptibility of materials to fungal growth.

Application

This method is used to determine if fungal growth will occur and, if so, how it may degrade/impact the use of the materiel.

METHOD 509.7-SALT FOG

Purpose

The salt fog Method is performed to determine the effectiveness of protective coatings and finishes on materials.

Application

Use this Method for screening purposes only to evaluate the effectiveness and quality of protective coatings and finishes on materiel and material coupons, and to locate potential problem areas, quality control deficiencies, design flaws, etc., in a relatively short period of time.

METHOD 510.7-SAND AND DUST

Purpose

This test is performed to evaluate the ability of materiel to resist the effects of dust that may obstruct openings, penetrate into cracks, crevices, bearings, and joints, and to evaluate the effectiveness of filters materiel to be stored and operated in blowing sand conditions without degrading performance, effectiveness, reliability, and maintainability due to abrasion (erosion) or clogging effects of sharp-edged particles.

Application

Use this Method to evaluate all mechanical, optical, electrical, electronic, electrochemical, and electromechanical devices likely to be exposed to dry blowing sand or blowing dust-laden atmospheres.

Difference among procedures

  • Procedure I – Blowing Dust: Use Procedure I to investigate the susceptibility of materiel to concentrations of blowing dust (< 150 μm).
  • Procedure II – Blowing Sand: Use Procedure II to investigate the susceptibility of materiel to the effects of blowing sand (150 μm to 850 μm).

METHOD 511.7-EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE

Purpose

The explosive atmosphere test is performed to either:

a. Demonstrate the ability of materiel to operate in fuel-air explosive atmospheres without causing ignition.

b. Demonstrate that an explosive or burning reaction occurring within encased materiel will be contained, and will not propagate outside the test item.

Application

This Method applies to all materiel designed for use in the vicinity of fuel-air explosive atmospheres associated with aircraft, automotive, and marine fuels at or above sea level.

Difference among procedures

  • Procedure I – Explosive Atmosphere: This procedure is applicable to all types of sealed and unsealed materiel. This test evaluates the ability of the test item to be operated in a fuel vapor environment without igniting the environment.
  • Procedure II – Explosion Containment: This procedure is used to determine the ability of the test item’s case or other enclosures to contain an explosion or flame that is a result of an internal materiel malfunction.

METHOD 512.6-IMMERSION

Purpose

The immersion test is performed to determine if materiel can withstand immersion or partial immersion in water (e.g., fording), and operate as required during or following immersion.

Application

Use this Method for materiel that may be exposed to partial or complete immersion, with or without operation. This test may, in some cases, be used to verify watertightness in lieu of a rain test, provided the materiel configuration would be the same for both situations, and the method of water ingress is well understood.

METHOD 513.8-ACCELERATION

Purpose

The acceleration test is performed to assure that materiel can structurally withstand the steady state inertia loads that are induced by platform acceleration, deceleration, and maneuver in the service environment, and function without degradation during and following exposure to these forces.

Application

This test Method is applicable to materiel that is installed in aircraft, helicopters, manned aerospace vehicles, air-carried stores, and ground/sea-launched missiles.

Difference among procedures

  • Procedure I – Structural Test: Procedure I is used to demonstrate that materiel will structurally withstand the loads induced by in-service accelerations.
  • Procedure II – Operational Test: Procedure II is used to demonstrate that materiel will operate without degradation during and after being subjected to loads induced by in-service acceleration.
  • Procedure III – Crash Hazard Acceleration Test: Procedure III is used to disclose structural failures of materiel that may present a hazard to personnel during or after a crash.
  • Procedure IV – Strength Test: Procedure IV is a strength test primarily intended to generate specific loads in primary structures using sine burst testing.

METHOD 514.8-VIBRATION

Purpose

The purpose of this Method is to provide guidance for defining vibration environments materiel may be exposed to throughout a life cycle and to provide guidance for the conduct of laboratory vibration tests.

Application

Use this Method for all types of materiel except as noted in Part One, paragraph 1.3.

Difference among procedures

  • Procedure I – General Vibration: Use Procedure I for materiel to be transported as secured cargo or deployed for use on a vehicle.
  • Procedure II – Loose Cargo Transportation: Use this procedure for materiel to be carried in/on trucks, trailers, or tracked vehicles and not secured to (tied down in) the carrying vehicle.
  • Procedure III – Large Assembly Transportation: This procedure is intended to replicate the vibration and shock environment incurred by large assemblies of materiel installed or transported by wheeled or tracked vehicles.
  • Procedure IV – Assembled Aircraft Store Captive Carriage and Free Flight: Apply Procedure IV to fixed wing aircraft carriage and free flight portions of the environmental life cycles of all aircraft stores, and to the free flight phases of ground or sea-launched missiles.

METHOD 515.8-ACOUSTIC NOISE

Purpose

The acoustic noise test is performed to determine the adequacy of materiel to resist the specified acoustic environment without unacceptable degradation of its functional performance and/or structural integrity.

Application

This test is applicable to systems, sub-systems, and units, hereafter called materiel, that must function and/or survive in a severe acoustic noise environment.

Difference among procedures

  • Procedure I-a – Uniform Intensity Acoustic Noise: Procedure Ia has a uniform intensity shaped spectrum of acoustic noise that impacts all the exposed materiel surfaces.
  • Procedure I-b – Direct Field Acoustic Noise (DFAN): Procedure Ib uses normal incident plane waves in a shaped spectrum of acoustic noise to impact directly on all exposed test article surfaces without external boundary reflections.
  • Procedure II – Grazing Incidence Acoustic Noise: Procedure II includes a high intensity, rapidly fluctuating acoustic noise with a shaped spectrum that impacts the materiel surfaces in a particular direction – generally along the long dimension of the materiel.
  • Procedure III – Cavity Resonance Acoustic Noise: In Procedure III, the intensity and, to a great extent, the frequency content of the acoustic noise spectrum is governed by the relationship between the geometrical configuration of the cavity and the materiel within the cavity.

METHOD 516.8-SHOCK

Purpose

Shock tests are performed to:

a. Provide a degree of confidence that materiel can physically and functionally withstand the shocks encountered in handling, transportation, and service environments

b. Determine the materiel’s fragility level, in order that packaging, stowage, or mounting configurations may be designed to protect the materiel’s physical and functional integrity.

c. Test the strength of devices that attach materiel to platforms that may be involved in a crash situation and verify that the material itself does not create a hazard or that parts of the materiel are not ejected during a crash situation.

Application

Use this Method to evaluate the physical and functional performance of materiel likely to be exposed to mechanically induced shocks in its lifetime.

Difference among procedures

  • Procedure I – Functional Shock: Procedure I is intended to test materiel (including mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, and electronic) in its functional mode, and to assess the physical integrity, continuity, and functionality of the materiel to shock.
  • Procedure II – Transportation Shock: Procedure II is used to evaluate the response of an item or restraint system to transportation environments that create a repetitive shock load.
  • Procedure III – Fragility: Procedure III is used early in the item development program to determine the materiel’s fragility level, in order that packaging, stowage, or mounting configurations may be designed to protect the materiel’s physical and functional integrity.
  • Procedure IV – Transit Drop: Procedure IV is a physical drop test, and is intended for materiel either outside of, or within its transit or combination case, or as prepared for field use (carried to a combat situation by man, truck, rail, etc.).
  • Procedure V – Crash Hazard Shock Test: Procedure V is for materiel mounted in air or ground vehicles that could break loose from its mounts, tiedowns, or containment configuration during a crash, and present a hazard to vehicle occupants and bystanders.
  • Procedure VI – Bench Handling: Procedure VI is intended for materiel that may typically experience bench handling, bench maintenance, or packaging.
  • Procedure VII – Pendulum Impact: Procedure VII is intended to test the ability of large shipping containers to resist horizontal impacts, and to determine the ability of the packaging and packing methods to provide protection to the contents when the container is impacted.
  • Procedure VIII – Catapult Launch/Arrested Landing: Procedure VIII is intended for materiel mounted in or on fixed-wing aircraft that is subject to catapult launches and arrested landings.

METHOD 517.3-PYROSHOCK

Purpose

Pyroshock tests involving pyrotechnic (explosive- or propellant-activated) devices are performed to:

a. Provide a degree of confidence that materiel can structurally and functionally withstand the infrequent shock effects caused by the detonation of a pyrotechnic device on a structural configuration to which the materiel is mounted.

b. Experimentally estimate the materiel’s fragility level in relation to pyroshock in order that shock mitigation procedures may be employed to protect the materiel’s structural and functional integrity.

Application

Use this Method to evaluate materiel likely to be exposed to one or more pyroshocks in its lifetime.

Difference among procedures

  • Procedure I – Near-field with Actual Configuration: Procedure I is intended to test materiel in its functional mode and actual configuration (materiel/pyrotechnic device physical configuration), and to ensure it can survive and function as required when tested using the actual pyrotechnic test device in its intended installed configuration.
  • Procedure II – Near-field with Simulated Configuration: Procedure II is intended to test materiel in its functional mode, but with a simulated structural configuration, and to ensure it can survive and function as required when in its actual materiel/pyrotechnic device physical configuration.
  • Procedure III – Mid-field with a Mechanical Test Device: Pyroshock can be applied using conventional high acceleration amplitude/frequency test input devices between 3,000 and 10,000 Hz.
  • Procedure IV – Far-field Using a Mechanical Test Device: Pyroshock can be applied using conventional high acceleration amplitude/frequency test input devices frequencies less than 3,000 Hz.
  • Procedure V – Far-field Using an Electrodynamic Shaker: On occasion, pyroshock response can be replicated using conventional electrodynamic shakers.

METHOD 518.2-ACIDIC ATMOSPHERE

Purpose

Use the acidic atmosphere test to determine the resistance of materials and protective coatings to corrosive atmospheres, and when necessary, to determine its affect on operational capabilities.

Application

Use this test Method when the requirements documents state that the materiel is likely to be stored or operated in areas where acidic atmospheres exist, such as industrial areas or near the exhausts of any fuel-burning device.

METHOD 519.8-GUNFIRE SHOCK

Purpose

Gunfire shock tests are performed to provide a degree of confidence that materiel can structurally and functionally withstand the relatively infrequent, short duration transient high rate repetitive shock input encountered in operational environments during the firing of guns.

Application

Use this Method to evaluate the structural and functional performance of materiel likely to be exposed to a gunfire shock environment in its lifetime.

Difference among procedures

  • Procedure I. Measured Materiel Input/Response Time History Under TWR: Measured in-service gunfire shock environment for materiel is replicated under laboratory exciter waveform control (Method 525.2 TWR) to achieve a near exact reproduction of the measured in-service gunfire shock environment.
  • Procedure II. SRS Generated Shock Time History Pulse Sequence Under TWR: This procedure is based on former processing measured gunfire shock in terms of the SRS applied either to individual gunfire pulses or the SRS applied to the overall gunfire pulse sequence.
  • Procedure III. Stochastically Generated Materiel Input From Preliminary Design Spectrum Under TWR: This procedure is ad hoc, lacking necessary field measured time trace information, and a last resort to providing guidelines for design of materiel to resist a gunfire shock environment.

METHOD 520.5-COMBINED ENVIRONMENTS

Purpose

The purpose of this test is to help determine the synergistic effects of combinations of temperature, altitude, humidity, input electrical power, and vibration on airborne electronic and electro-mechanical materiel with regard to safety, integrity, and performance during ground and flight operations.

Application

This Method was developed and based on rotor or fixed wing aircraft/platforms. The test procedures are applicable to all aircraft equipment. However, with tailoring, this method may also be applicable to other commodities; i.e., ground vehicles, support equipment, man-mounted equipment, etc.

METHOD 521.4-ICING/FREEZING RAIN

Purpose

The icing test is conducted to evaluate the effect of icing on the operational capability of materiel. This Method also provides tests for evaluating the effectiveness of de-icing equipment and techniques, including prescribed means to be used in the field.

Application

  • Use this Method to evaluate materiel that may be exposed to icing such as produced by freezing rain or freezing drizzle.
  • Use this Method to develop ice accretion from sea splash or spray but the ice thicknesses may need to be modified to reflect the lower density of the ice.

METHOD 522.2-BALLISTIC SHOCK

Purpose

This Method includes a set of ballistic shock tests generally involving momentum exchange between two or more bodies, or momentum exchange between a liquid or gas and a solid.

Difference among procedures

  • Procedure I – BH&T: Ballistic shock is applied in its natural form using live fire testing.
  • Procedure II – LSBSS: LSBSS is a low cost option for producing the spectrum of ballistic shock without the expense of live fire testing.
  • Procedure III – LWSM: Ballistic shock is simulated using a hammer impact. This procedure is used to test shock mounted components up to 113.6 kg (250 lb), which are known to be insensitive to the higher frequency content of ballistic shock.
  • Procedure IV – Mechanical Shock Simulator: Ballistic shock is simulated using a metal-to-metal impact (gas driven projectile).
  • Procedure V – MWSM: Ballistic shock is simulated using a hammer impact. This procedure is used to test components up to 2273 kg (5000 lb) in weight which are known to be insensitive to the higher frequencies of ballistic shock.
  • Procedure VI – Drop Table: Ballistic shock is simulated by the impact resulting from a drop.

METHOD 523.4-VIBRO-ACOUSTIC/TEMPERATURE

Purpose

The vibro-acoustic/temperature procedure is performed to determine the synergistic effects of vibration, acoustic noise, and temperature on externally carried aircraft stores during captive carry flight.

Application

For captively-carried stores, this method is intended primarily to test electronics and other electro-mechanical assemblies within the store for functionality in a vibro-acoustic/temperature environment.

METHOD 524.1-FREEZE / THAW

Purpose

The purpose of this Method is to determine the ability of materiel to withstand:

a. The effects of moisture phase changes between liquid and solid, in or on materiel, as the ambient temperature cycles through the freeze point.

b. The effects of moisture induced by transfer from a cold-to-warm or warm-to-cold environment.

Application

This Method is applicable to materiel that will experience one or more excursions through the freeze point while wet or in the presence of moisture (free water or vapor).

Difference among procedures

  • Procedure I – Diurnal Cycling Effects: To simulate the effects of diurnal cycling on materiel exposed to temperatures varying slightly above and below the freeze point that is typical of daytime warming and freezing at night when deposits of ice or condensation, or high relative humidity exist.
  • Procedure II – Fogging: For materiel transported directly from a cold to a warm environment such as from an unheated aircraft, missile or rocket, to a warm ground area, or from a cold environment to a warm enclosure, and resulting in free water or fogging.
  • Procedure III – Rapid Temperature Change: For materiel that is to be moved from a warm environment to a cold environment (freeze) and then back to the warm environment, inducing condensation (free water).

METHOD 525.2-TIME WAVEFORM REPLICATION

Purpose

Replication of a time trace under Time Waveform Replication (TWR) methodology in the laboratory is performed to:

a.Provide a degree of confidence that the materiel can structurally and functionally withstand the measured oranalytically specified test time trace(s) to which the materiel is likely to be exposed in the operational fieldenvironment.

b.Experimentally estimate the materiel’s fragility level in relation to form, level, duration, or repeatedapplication of the test time trace(s).

Difference among procedures

  • Procedure I: The SESA replication of a field measured materiel time trace input/response.
  • Procedure II: The SESA replication of an analytically specified materiel time trace input/response

METHOD 526.2-RAIL IMPACT

Purpose

The purpose of this test method is to replicate the railroad car impact conditions that occur during the life of transport of systems, subsystems and units, hereafter called materiel, and the tiedown arrangements during the specified logistic conditions.

Application

The rail impact test is intended to test materiel that will be transported by rail; to determine the effect of railroad car impacts that may occur during rail shipment, to verify the structural integrity of the materiel, to evaluate the adequacy of the tie-down system and the tie-down procedures, and to assess transportability in accordance with Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command Transportation Engineering Agency (SDDCTEA) policy.

METHOD 527.2-MULTI-EXCITER TEST

Purpose

Multi-exciter test methodology is performed to demonstrate, or provide a degree of confidence if multiple test items are considered, that materiel can structurally and functionally withstand a specified dynamic environment, e.g., stationary, non-stationary, or of a shock nature, that must be replicated on the test item in the laboratory with more than one motion degree-of-freedom.

Application

Use this Method for all types of materiel except as noted in Part One, paragraph 1.3

Difference among procedures

  • Procedure I – Time Domain Reference Criteria: This MET Procedure is an extension to the SESA TimeWaveform Replication (TWR) techniques addressed in Method 525.2.
  • Procedure II – Frequency Domain Reference Criteria: This MET Procedure is an extension to the SESA Spectral based vibration control techniques addressed in Method 514.8.

METHOD 528.1-MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF SHIPBOARD EQUIPMENT (TYPE 1 – ENVIRONMENTAL AND TYPE II – INTERNALLY EXCITED)

Purpose

This Method specifies procedures and establishes requirements for environmental and internally excited vibration testing of Naval shipboard equipment installed on ships.

Application

The test procedures specified herein are applicable to shipboard equipment subjected to mechanical vibrations on Navy ships with conventional shafted propeller propulsion, and can be tailored for non-conventional propulsor types such as waterjet or podded propulsors.

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